Nature Reviews Immunology

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Peripheral neuroimmune crosstalk is a key determinant of pain states, with immune-to-neuron signalling both initiating and amplifying hypersensitivity across multiple tissues.

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Neoantigen-specific T cells delivered by adoptive cell transfer, including TILs and TCR-engineered T cells, have achieved tumour regression in patients with metastatic solid cancers, including melanoma, breast, and gastrointestinal cancer.

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mRNA cancer vaccines can be programmed by tuning nucleoside chemistry, delivery, and dosing to balance four immunological axes and achieve durable, tumor-specific immunity.

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Functional heterogeneity of CNS glial cells in multiple sclerosis is linked to inflammation, demyelination, remyelination, and neurodegeneration, shaping disease progression mechanisms.

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T cell engagers are antibody-based bispecific or multi-specific constructs that reprogramme T cells to eliminate target cells expressing a defined surface antigen, with growing autoimmune potential.

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Granzyme K–expressing CD8+ T cells activate the complement cascade rather than directly executing apoptosis, defining a distinct lymphocyte-driven complement activation pathway.

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LAG3 is an immune inhibitory checkpoint receptor that suppresses T cell activation, proliferation, and effector functions, and its signalling mechanisms remain incompletely defined despite decades of study.

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B cells undergo extensive, temporally regulated metabolic remodeling from bone marrow commitment through peripheral function, with distinct strategies linked to effector identity.

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Most hormone receptor-positive human breast cancers show limited immunogenicity and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that hinders responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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Self-peptide-MHC interactions dynamically tune naive T cell responsiveness, showing the naive “off” state is not fixed or functionally neutral during immune decisions.

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Caspase activation platforms—the apoptosome, inflammasome, and PIDDosome—share conserved domain architecture and proximity-driven caspase activation, but diverge in localization and upstream triggers.