T cell engagers in autoimmune diseases.

T cell engagers are antibody-based bispecific or multi-specific constructs that reprogramme T cells to eliminate target cells expressing a defined surface antigen, with growing autoimmune potential.

• Why it matters: Autoimmune disease treatment is seeking options that match cellular therapy potency while improving biologic practicality, safety, and delivery.
• What they did: This review summarizes TCE history, mechanism and design principles, and surveys preclinical and clinical development plus next-generation design goals for autoimmunity.
• The result: The authors conclude that early autoimmune results are promising and outline key future challenges—enhanced safety, high convenience, and complete target cell elimination—to guide next-generation TCE development.

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