The immunology of human breast cancer.

Most hormone receptor-positive human breast cancers show limited immunogenicity and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that hinders responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

• Why it matters: Breast neoplasms outside the triple-negative subset generally respond poorly to ICIs, leaving a gap in understanding which immunological barriers limit durable anticancer immunity.
• What they did: The work summarizes key immunological features of human breast tumors, comparing across subtypes, stages, and treatment outcomes, with emphasis on hormone regulation and immune suppression.
• The result: By mapping how breast cancer, hormonal control, and the immune system interact, it outlines what must be understood to unlock the full potential of ICIs and other immunotherapies in this setting.

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