Glial cells in chronic inflammation: diversity, dysfunction and therapeutic targeting.

Functional heterogeneity of CNS glial cells in multiple sclerosis is linked to inflammation, demyelination, remyelination, and neurodegeneration, shaping disease progression mechanisms.

• Why it matters: Relapsing MS therapies mainly target peripheral immunity yet repeatedly fail to address progression, which is thought to involve CNS-resident glial dysfunction.
• What they did: This Review synthesizes emerging findings from recent technologies describing glial diversity and regulation, emphasizing interactions between glial cells and immune and non-immune CNS cells.
• The result: The compiled evidence supports therapeutic modulation strategies aimed at glial cell functions to better target CNS mechanisms driving inflammation and tissue damage in MS.

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