Env-specific antibodies promote post-treatment control in SIV-infected macaques.

In SIV mac239–infected rhesus macaques, post-treatment control after ART interruption required Env-specific rhesus IgG1 monoclonal antibodies, with robust latency reversal only in the ART+RhmAbs+CD8α-depletion+N-803 group.

• Why it matters: ART plus latency reversal did not shrink the viral reservoir, and stopping treatment caused rapid rebound, leaving a gap for strategies that sustain control after interruption.
• What they did: Rhesus macaques were assigned to ART alone (group 1), ART+four anti-SIV Env-specific rhesus IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (group 2), or ART+RhmAbs+CD8α-depletion+N-803 (group 3), then viral rebound and CD4+ T-cell proviral and gene-expression profiles were assessed.
• The result: Rebound viraemia kinetics were similar across groups, but fold reduction versus pre-ART was greater in groups 2 and 3, and PTC was linked to low intact proviruses off ART plus increased interferon and decreased TGF-β signalling genes.

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