Nanotechnology-mediated precision delivery of mRNA.

Nanocarrier-mediated strategies are being reviewed to improve precision delivery of messenger RNA across organs, tissues, and cells despite multilevel biological barriers and complex disease physiology.

• Why it matters: mRNA therapeutics work for multiple diseases, but targeted delivery remains difficult because barriers at several biological levels and disease-specific physiology hinder where and how mRNA reaches cells.
• What they did: The review surveys heterogeneous delivery barriers and nanocarrier design approaches, including route optimization, targeting enhancement, and responsive release, and connects them to uses such as mRNA vaccines, protein replacement, and gene editing.
• The result: By outlining current limitations and future perspectives, the review aims to accelerate development of precision mRNA delivery strategies for unmet clinical needs.

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