Metabolic hallmarks of regulated cell death.

Metabolic state—spanning bioenergetics, redox balance, nutrients, metal ions, inflammation-linked metabolism, and organelle function—converges across regulated cell death programs to shape susceptibility and outcomes.

• Why it matters: RCD has distinct execution mechanisms, yet initiation and progression are increasingly understood to depend on metabolism, leaving a need for a unified metabolic map across established and proposed RCD types.
• What they did: This review synthesizes independently validated and recently proposed RCD forms, organizing their metabolic determinants and endogenous homeostasis mechanisms that modulate death responses in human disease and therapy contexts.
• The result: The synthesis outlines a convergent metabolic landscape that guides conceptual and mechanistic challenges and highlights opportunities to therapeutically exploit metabolic control of RCD.

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