Pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of a novel pdm09-lineage H1N2 swine influenza A virus spatiotemporally linked to transboundary pig trade.

A/swine/Korea/1030-3/2023 (H1N2) is a novel pdm09-lineage reassortant detected in South Korea, linked to transboundary pig trade and showing efficient pig transmission.

• Why it matters: International swine movement can spread influenza A viruses across borders, enabling reassortment with endemic strains and raising concern for zoonotic emergence.
• What they did: The virus’s seven segments were compared to European and Korean lineages, receptor binding and replication were tested in human airway epithelial cells, and pathogenicity/transmission were assessed in mice, guinea pigs, and pigs.
• The result: In pigs it replicated efficiently and transmitted to all direct-contact animals with high shedding, while in guinea pigs it transmitted only to a subset and showed no detectable aerosol spread; human sera neutralized it less than seasonal H1N1 and the comparator 1027-1.

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