Selective profiling of translationally active tRNAs and their dynamics under stress.

tRIBO-seq shows that ribosome-associated (ribo-)tRNAs, but often not total tRNAs, change significantly under stress, with arsenite driving major fragmentation in selected ribo-tRNA subsets.

• Why it matters: Translation depends on tRNA delivery, yet how tRNA abundance, modifications, and fragmentation shift during active translation under different stresses is unclear due to limited profiling methods.
• What they did: They developed tRIBO-seq, a nanopore-based workflow that selectively captures ribosome-associated native tRNAs to measure abundance, modifications, and fragmentation from one experiment.
• The result: Viral infection and leucine deprivation alter ribo-tRNA abundances, methionine starvation causes a dramatic loss of methyl-based tRNA modifications, while arsenite exposure leaves abundance and modification patterns unchanged but induces major fragmentation events.

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