Sequencing and analysis of the human adaptive immune receptor repertoire.

Human T cell and B cell receptor repertoires can be profiled at scale using high-throughput sequencing, enabling deep, cohort-level monitoring of immune exposures.

• Why it matters: Repertoire profiling addresses the need to track disease progression, treatment response, and immune effects of infection or vaccination, and to clarify mechanisms in inflammatory disease.
• What they did: This Review synthesizes how V(D)J recombination and junctional diversification generate diverse receptors, then discusses how selection and antigen exposure shape them, alongside experimental and computational advances for translating sequencing data.
• The result: The approach is positioned to support biological insight, clinical utility, and repertoire-guided therapeutic opportunities by linking repertoire structure to immune history and function.

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