A soft wireless bioelectronic patch for noninvasive modulation of cavernosal microenvironment in diabetic erectile dysfunction.

A soft wireless bioelectronic patch (SWEED) for diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction achieves uniform transdermal prostaglandin E1 delivery and comparable vascular recovery to intracavernosal injection.

• Why it matters: Long-term diabetes-related cavernosal microenvironment impairment is hard to reverse, and conventional oral or intracavernosal therapies can have poor targeting and uneven drug distribution.
• What they did: SWEED uses a microelectrode–drug reservoir–nanopore design to intensify local electrical fields and drive controlled transdermal delivery of prostaglandin E1, tested in vitro and in vivo.
• The result: SWEED promotes endothelial repair and cavernosal blood perfusion, activates EP2/PKA/CREB signaling, suppresses TGF-β/Smad to reduce fibrosis, and yields vascular regeneration and functional recovery comparable to clinical intracavernosal injection therapy.

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