Machine learning-assisted Repli-Histo labeling reveals distinct transcription-dependent constraints on chromatin motion in living cells.

Nucleosome motion in living human cells is progressively more constrained from euchromatin classes IA/IB to heterochromatin classes II/III, as revealed by machine learning-assisted Repli-Histo labeling.

• Why it matters: Transcription is known to alter chromatin dynamics, but it is unclear how distinct transcription systems act across euchromatin versus heterochromatin and across nuclear subcompartments.
• What they did: The study uses machine learning-assisted Repli-Histo labeling to classify euchromatin and heterochromatin classes (IA, IB, II, III), then performs single-nucleosome imaging in living human cells under transcription inhibition.
• The result: In euchromatic classes IA and IB and in heterochromatin around nucleoli, RNA polymerase II inhibition (THZ1, DRB, or α-amanitin) increases motion, while RNA polymerase I inhibition (CX-5461) selectively increases motion in Class III heterochromatin around nucleoli.

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