Ligilactobacillus salivarius inhibits GII.4[P16] human norovirus replication in zebrafish larvae.

Live Ligilactobacillus salivarius inhibits human norovirus GII.4[P16] replication in zebrafish larvae, with cell-containing treatments reducing viral RNA across 4 days.

• Why it matters: Norovirus causes large acute gastroenteritis burdens and lacks vaccines or antivirals, so defining bacterium–virus interactions could enable probiotic prevention strategies.
• What they did: Zebrafish larvae were microinjected with a GII.4[P16]-positive stool specimen mixed 1:1 with L. salivarius overnight broth, cells, or cell-free supernatant, then viral RNA was quantified by droplet digital PCR.
• The result: Viral RNA peaked at 5.31 log RNA copies/larva at 1 dpi, but cells and overnight broth significantly reduced replication (P < 0.01), and 67% of inoculum bound to L. salivarius; live bacteria inhibited replication at 3 dpi (P < 0.05).

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