Mechanistic Insights into PTM-Mediated Architectural Rewiring of the Leaf Senescence Program.

PTMs are proposed as primary regulatory hubs that architecturally rewire the leaf senescence program by dynamically modulating senescence transcription factors and signaling networks, enabling initiation and commitment.

• Why it matters: Mapped transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes do not fully explain how senescence achieves the sensitivity and precision needed to integrate environmental, hormonal, and metabolic cues.
• What they did: This review systematically delineates mechanistic roles of multiple PTM classes—phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, lipidation, hydroxylation, S-nitrosylation, and oxidative PTMs—linking them to transcription factors, kinase cascades, and autophagy-related networks.
• The result: The synthesis argues PTM “execution” and “decision-making” layers, including combinatorial crosstalk, establish threshold sensing and cell-type-specific PTM atlases, supporting theoretical frameworks for precision crop senescence engineering.

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