NLRP3 inflammasome in major swine viral infections: Host defense and viral antagonism.

Moderate NLRP3 inflammasome activation during infection with major porcine viruses restricts viral propagation, but sustained stimulation is linked to tissue injury.

• Why it matters: Viral proteins from multiple, genetically distinct porcine pathogens converge on shared upstream triggers, creating a balance between host defense and damaging inflammation.
• What they did: The review synthesizes evidence that NLRP3 activation can be driven by endolysosomal damage, ion flux, mitochondrial injury, ER stress, and ubiquitin-autophagy network events across infections with African swine fever virus, PRRSV, pseudorabies virus, PEDV, TGEV, and PCV2.
• The result: It outlines therapeutic strategies aimed at NLRP3 assembly, GSDMD pore formation, and host proteostasis, while emphasizing the need for validation in porcine cells and pigs.

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