Small details, great impacts: Controlled antibody anchoring for enhanced immunoassays.

Controlled antibody anchoring strategies for immunoassays are systematically categorized across a passive-to-active regulation spectrum to enable more predictable, robust immunosensing interfaces.

• Why it matters: The gap between theoretical bioreceptor performance and practical sensor efficacy is linked to stochastic antibody anchoring that can cause denaturation, orientational heterogeneity, and steric occlusion.
• What they did: The review builds a microscopic framework, evaluates passive positioning (affinity-mediated capture and site-defined chemical anchoring) versus active programming (genetically engineered antibodies and intrinsic-property-guided anchoring), and proposes integrated reporting metrics.
• The result: The proposed framework and reporting approach aim to reduce fragmented evaluation and support rational interface design, including future integration of computational interface engineering, AI-guided protein design, and standardized protocols.

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