Directed Evolution of Plant-Associated Bacteria Enhances Plant Holobiont Stress Tolerance.

Directed evolution of the plant-associated bacterium Bacillus subtilis MR21 generated three evolved strains (EV1–EV3) that enhanced coriander growth under lead (Pb) toxicity and micronutrient deficiency.

• Why it matters: Plant stress outcomes depend on plant–microbe interactions, but it is unclear whether selecting microbes can rapidly strengthen holobiont-level tolerance.
• What they did: The authors directed evolution of Bacillus subtilis MR21 under selective pressure, then tested evolved strains (EV1–EV3) for effects on coriander growth and rhizosphere chemistry.
• The result: The evolved strains reduced Pb availability and increased phosphorus, iron, and zinc availability, with rhizosphere detoxification and higher organic acids (succinic and glutamic acid) linked to improved soil conditions and holobiont stress tolerance.

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