Antagonistic Regulation of the Conifer Age Marker DAL1 by GA and JA Via a TIFY25-DPL1 Module.

In Pinus tabuliformis, gibberellin increases DAL1 protein abundance via the GA-GID1-DELLA cascade, while jasmonic acid suppresses DAL1 through MYC2-mediated degradation.

• Why it matters: Conifers use age-control systems distinct from the miR156–miR172 pathway, but how GA and JA modulate the conserved age marker DAL1 was unclear.
• What they did: The study mapped GA and JA effects on DAL1 protein levels and identified MYC2 as a transcription factor that directly interacts with DAL1 to promote degradation. It also found JA induces TIFY25, which stabilizes DAL1 by disrupting the DAL1–DPL1 interaction.
• The result: The antagonistic GA–JA regulation, plus JA-driven TIFY25 compensation, enables age-dependent DAL1 expression while integrating growth and defense signaling in Pinus tabuliformis.

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