Phytoglobin 1 in plant hypoxia acclimation and development: integrating oxygen sensing, nitric oxide homeostasis, and redox balance.

Class I phytoglobins (PGB1s) are linked to plant hypoxia responses in development and flooding, coordinating nitric oxide and ROS homeostasis and hypoxic energy generation.

• Why it matters: Hypoxia occurs during normal plant development and during flooding, yet how PGB1 biochemistry and regulation integrate oxygen sensing, NO balance, and redox control remains unclear.
• What they did: The work synthesizes current evidence on PGB1 expression patterns and functions, including a PGB1-NO cycle for hypoxic energy generation and flooding-linked induction over short- and long-term phases.
• The result: The integrated model suggests PGB1 supports short-term NO scavenging to stabilize ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR VII transcription factors and long-term hypoxic energy generation, oxidative stress mitigation, and auxin transport maintenance.

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