Floodproof mustards: adaptation strategies in wild Brassicaceae.

Flooding adaptation in wild Brassicaceae is linked to convergent traits such as schizogenic aerenchyma, adventitious roots, heterophylly, and submergence growth modulation.

• Why it matters: Climate change is increasing hydrological extremes, but flooding tolerance is less understood in wild Brassicaceae adapted to water-rich habitats than in model species and crops.
• What they did: This review synthesizes anatomical, physiological, and molecular evidence across wild Brassicaceae—especially tribe Cardamineae—and also covers Arabis, Cakile, Cochlearia, Subularia, and Limnanthaceae.
• The result: It concludes that multiple evolutionary routes shape flooding responses, and that whole-genome duplication is a context-dependent modifier rather than a universal predictor of flooding tolerance.

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