Multimodal profiling and intersectional genetics reveal CA1 border inhibitory neuron diversity and postnatal emergence of retrosplenial connectivity

CA1 border inhibitory neurons in hippocampal CA1 include two Cxcl14-enriched, caudal ganglionic eminence-derived populations, with RSCtx-projecting cells marked by Ntng1 and emerging postnatally between P3–P5.

• Why it matters: CA1 border inhibitory neurons include long-range-projecting types, but their molecular organization and when their retrosplenial connectivity forms were unclear.
• What they did: The study used multimodal transcriptomic profiling plus intersectional genetics and retrograde tracing, identifying two Cxcl14-enriched populations with Syt6/Cck-related versus Ntng1 transcriptional profiles, and created a Cxcl14-Cre line for access.
• The result: Retrograde labeling linked RSCtx-projecting CA1 INs to the Ntng1-expressing population, and developmental timing showed projection emergence between postnatal days 3 and 5, enabling targeted study of circuit assembly and function.

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