Pattern-triggered immunity induced by dsRNA against plant viruses involves two distinct branches, one of which depends on Coronatine insensitive1 (COI1)

Nonspecific dsRNA-triggered PTI in Nicotiana benthamiana restricts cell-to-cell movement and RNA accumulation of Tobacco mosaic virus, Turnip mosaic virus, and Tobacco rattle virus, with COI1 required for PD callose deposition.

• Why it matters: It remains unclear how broadly dsRNA-induced PTI works across virus taxa, which infection stages it targets, and how viral effectors and plant hormone pathways shape the response.
• What they did: Using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay to produce intracellular nonspecific dsRNA, the study tested viral spread and RNA levels, then used PVX P25 MP mutant and JA-pathway genetics, including COI1 silencing and RNA-seq.
• The result: COI1 silencing abolished dsRNA-induced PD callose deposition, virus movement restriction, and defense-gene induction, and RNA-seq showed 198 differentially expressed genes linked to COI1-dependent early transcriptional processes.

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