Who Publishes During Residency? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Peer-Reviewed Publication Among Residents in the United States

About 59.6% (95% CI, 48.7% to 69.6%) of US physician residents published at least 1 peer-reviewed article during residency, with surgical specialties higher than medical ones.

• Why it matters: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires scholarship, but the field lacked a pooled estimate of resident publishing and how it varies by specialty.
• What they did: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 172 studies (32 US studies; 13,450 residents) searched multiple databases, used AI screening and dual AI extraction, and pooled proportions with random-effects generalized linear mixed models.
• The result: Surgical specialties reported 68.7% versus 29.6% for medical specialties, and in adjusted analyses medical cohorts had lower odds of publishing (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.63).

AI summary of the abstract · may contain errors · not medical advice · read the paper.