ART: A Compositional Physical Theory for the End-to-End Design of Solid-Phase Immunosensors

ART predicts end-to-end solid-phase immunosensor performance using Y = Ts[Tm[AR(X)]], showing that antibodies with identical dissociation constants can yield different capture responses.

• Why it matters: Complete immunoassay behavior is hard to forecast because recognition, transport, transduction, and observation are coupled, not separable, limiting reliable design across formats.
• What they did: ART uses finite-time kinetic and reaction-diffusion calculations across plate, tubular, and bead reactors, plus an enzymatic transduction model with hm = KM/S0 and interface-based measurement limits.
• The result: The framework revises local density optima in fixed-length tubular reactors, enables AR-only concentration-threshold maps, and supports conditional end-to-end ELISA OD450 and tubular chemiluminescence camera demonstrations.

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