Goat Milk-derived Extracellular Vesicles modulate glial responses in vitro and attenuate neuroinflammation in vivo

Goat milk-derived extracellular vesicles at 250 and 2500 particles per cell significantly reduce CD40 expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia-like cells.

• Why it matters: Clarifying how naturally derived milk extracellular vesicles modulate CNS glial inflammation at defined particle-to-cell ratios is needed to assess their immunomodulatory potential.
• What they did: MEV-enriched preparations were produced by sequential filtration, ultrafiltration, and size-exclusion chromatography, then characterized by microscopy and particle sizing; BV2 cells and primary rat mixed glia were exposed to defined particle doses.
• The result: In LPS-induced mice, intrathecal MEV reduced CD40 protein toward control within 24 h and shifted inflammatory markers toward a pro-resolutive profile, including increased Arg1 and higher IL10/IL6 and CD206/CD86 ratios.

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