Single-cell, multi-region profiling of the macaque brain across the lifespan.

A transcriptomic atlas of 5.3 million cells from 582 samples across 11 brain regions in 55 rhesus macaques (0.5–21 years) maps age-linked neuronal and glial vulnerability.

• Why it matters: Brain aging’s molecular and cellular drivers, plus inter- and intra-individual variation, are still poorly defined, limiting understanding of region- and sex-specific disease risk.
• What they did: The study built a single-cell, multi-region transcriptomic atlas and used cell-type and region-resolved analyses to detect age-depleted neuronal populations and subtle glial compositional shifts.
• The result: Age-associated molecular signatures converge and diverge across regions and cell types, include sex-specific patterns, and overlap Alzheimer's disease signatures, suggesting shared molecular roots across different age and vulnerability windows.

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