A single-cell and spatial 3D multi-omic atlas of developing human basal ganglia.

Spiny projection neurons in developing human basal ganglia show synchronized 3D epigenomic remodeling that defines distinct subtypes, unlike the asynchronous maturation of other neuron types.

• Why it matters: Ganglionic eminences transiently generate basal ganglia neurons, but how their subregions and cell types mature in 3D epigenomic space remains unclear.
• What they did: The study profiled ganglionic eminences and their derivatives using snm3C-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and single-molecule chromatin plus RNA imaging, mapping heterogeneous temporal progression across GE subregions.
• The result: It reveals transient short-range chromatin states during infancy in oligodendrocyte differentiation, faster epigenomic maturation in temporal cortex, and enrichment of spiny projection neurons for genetic risk linked to neuropsychiatric disease.

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