Active immunotherapy against IL-1β restores tissue repair under chronic inflammation.

Active immunotherapy using Coil29 elicits IL-1β–specific immune responses in wild-type and diabetic mice and accelerates chronic wound re-epithelialization, outperforming anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibodies.

• Why it matters: Sustained IL-1β signaling keeps pro-inflammatory myeloid cells active and blocks the resolution phase of tissue repair, contributing to chronic wound failure.
• What they did: Mice received Coil29 peptide nanofibers to generate targeted IL-1β immunity; in a chronic wound model, wound healing outcomes were compared with anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody treatment.
• The result: The therapy suppressed macrophage activity, promoted M2-like polarization, increased pro-healing cytokine secretion, enriched the injury site with anti-IL-1β antibodies, and in vitro reprogrammed M1 macrophages toward an M2-like phenotype.

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