Molecular control of bacterial immunity.

Bacterial phage infection drives rapid immune activation, and structural, biochemical, and genetic studies show that conformational change, protein assembly, and spatial organization govern sensing-to-effector steps.

• Why it matters: Phages impose strong selective pressure and tight time constraints, yet it remains unclear how diverse bacterial immune systems operate quickly during infection.
• What they did: The work synthesizes structural, biochemical, and genetic insights, emphasizing mechanisms that connect infection sensing to activation and effector function, including counter-defense strategies.
• The result: The summary links immune activation to conformational change, assembly, and spatial organization, and shows that phages can counter these processes to disrupt activation and effector function.

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