Objective quality assessment for precision functional MRI data.

The network similarity index (NSI) provides an objective metric of whether functional connectivity expresses large-scale network structure needed for precision functional mapping, aligning with expert usability judgments.

• Why it matters: PFM needs more and higher-quality fMRI than standard, but objective criteria for data sufficiency and the quality required for interpretable, replicable individual results are unclear.
• What they did: The authors define NSI to quantify low-spatial-frequency, coherent network organization and denoising fidelity, and they model how NSI relates to expert-judged PFM suitability while accounting for individual differences in FC reliability rates.
• The result: An open-source NeuroResource framework enables NSI-based data quality evaluation and supports principled decisions about expected gains from additional data collection for replication in precision fMRI research.

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