CRISPR RNP-Mediated Transgene-Free Genome Editing in Plants: Advances, Challenges and Future Directions for Tree Species.

CRISPR RNP-mediated genome editing achieves transgene-free modifications in woody plants but faces significant delivery and regeneration challenges, especially in species like bamboo.

• Why it matters: Addressing these challenges is crucial for advancing precise genetic modifications in long-lived tree species, which are vital for agriculture, forestry, and conservation efforts.
• What they did: The review evaluates recent progress using methods such as PEG transfection and particle bombardment, and explores emerging strategies like lipofection, electroporation, and nanoparticle delivery in woody plants.
• The result: Overcoming delivery and regeneration hurdles will enable more efficient, safe, and regulatory-friendly genome editing in trees, unlocking their full potential for sustainable development.