Dissecting human embryonic patterning during organogenesis reveals a rostral midline progenitor population for mesoendoderm induction

Rostral midline progenitors in Carnegie stages 9–12 human embryos co-express SOX2, TBXT, and OTX2, and are transcriptionally distinct from neuromesodermal progenitors and prechordal mesoderm.

• Why it matters: Spatial atlases built from sequencing-based platforms blur boundaries and misclassify adjacent cells, limiting accurate mapping of human organogenesis patterning at cellular resolution.
• What they did: The study integrated Xenium in situ imaging transcriptomics with Visium-HD transcriptome-wide spatial profiling across Carnegie stages 9–12 to delineate multiple core tissues at single-cell resolution.
• The result: RMP-like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells induce epiblast-like cells to acquire mesendodermal and endodermal fates, while the RMP-like cells themselves adopt an ectodermal fate consistent with in vivo counterparts.

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