Socio-demographic gradients in traumatic brain injury disability, severity and nutrition: a two-level analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 and NHANES 2011-2014

In the Global Burden of Disease 2023, age-standardised TBI disability rates in 2023 are almost twice as high in the high SDI quintile (113.68 vs 57.55 per 100,000).

• Why it matters: Socio-demographic development shapes TBI disability, yet its severity composition and nutritional context—especially across SDI levels and among US adults—remain insufficiently mapped.
• What they did: They quantified SDI gradients and disability severity composition plus 1990–2023 trends using GBD 2023, then analyzed pooled NHANES 2011–2014 for US adults aged 40+ by income, education, insurance, and food security.
• The result: Moderate or severe injuries account for 72.5% of the disability burden in the high SDI quintile versus 84.0–84.6% in other quintiles, while reported TBI history is highest in very food-insecure households (23.4%; adjusted odds ratio 1.71, 95% CI 1.39–2.09) and dietary differences largely attenuate after adjustment.

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