Box-Counting Fractal Dimensions of Cranial Suture: Effects of Measurement Conditions and Model-Based Reproduction of Fractal-Like Patterns

Box-counting fractal dimension of human lambdoid cranial sutures is scale-conditioned, staying near 1 at fine scales and approaching 2 at coarse scales, with preprocessing affecting FD.

• Why it matters: Prior studies used different measurement conditions and analysis choices, limiting direct comparison and making it unclear how skeletonization and scale-range selection shape reported fractal structure.
• What they did: The authors standardized a box-counting protocol, testing skeletonization and scale-range selection, then measured FD in 45 digitized human lambdoid suture images and eight structure-formation model variants.
• The result: One-sided Welch t-tests with Bonferroni correction (α_adj = 0.00625) showed six of eight model variants produced FD values at least as high as real sutures, and scale-dependent FD trends matched in both real and model patterns.

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