Human neocortical glutamatergic neurons revealed through multimodal profiling.

A multimodal patch-seq resource profiles 39 of 42 transcriptomically defined human neocortical glutamatergic neuron types across layers 2–6, linking laminar context to morphoelectric phenotypes.

• Why it matters: Human neocortex diversity is hard to resolve due to limited viable tissue, inconsistent cell-type definitions, and reliance on transcriptomics alone, which cannot fully explain neuronal function.
• What they did: The study combined patch-seq morphoelectric measurements with spatial transcriptomic information to sample glutamatergic neurons and then compared transcriptomically homologous L5 neurons across human, macaque, and mouse.
• The result: It identified distinct phenotypes for understudied populations, and cross-species morphoelectric differences in L5 neurons were subclass specific, enabling a unified reference for human cortical circuitry studies.

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