Incidence and Risk Assessment of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Lung Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.

Lung cancer survivors in Korea have a higher incidence of pulmonary aspergillosis than matched controls (1.96 vs 0.39 per 1,000 person-years), with an adjusted HR of 4.47.

• Why it matters: Structural lung damage and treatment-related immunosuppression may raise risk, but population-based estimates quantifying pulmonary aspergillosis risk in survivors have been limited.
• What they did: In a nationwide retrospective cohort using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 37,005 surgically treated survivors (2010–2017) were compared with 111,015 age- and sex-matched controls using ICD-10–based case identification and multivariable Cox models.
• The result: Risk rose stepwise with treatment intensity, peaking in those receiving combined surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (adjusted HR 15.00), and was highest within the first year while remaining significant at 5 years.

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