Microbial synthesis and degradation of bio-based biodegradable plastics.

Microorganisms can both produce and degrade key bio-based plastics, but current capabilities limit their role in establishing a sustainable circular plastics economy.

• Why it matters: Understanding and improving microbial processes for synthesis and biodegradation are crucial to closing the loop in plastic use, reducing environmental impact, and advancing sustainable materials.
• What they did: The review examines microbial roles across the life cycle of polymers like polyhydroxyalkanoates, bacterial nanocellulose, and monomers such as lactic acid and furanoate, highlighting genetic potential and current limitations.
• The result: Enhancing microbial efficiency and integrating multidisciplinary approaches are necessary to develop viable, sustainable systems for bio-based plastic production and disposal.