Three-tier sequential screening of key odor markers: transformation pathways and multi-dimensional health risk assessment in intensive swine farms.

Hydrogen sulfide in manure treatment units at a large-scale swine farm in Tianjin, China, posed significant non-carcinogenic environmental and on-site worker risks.

• Why it matters: Odor pollution from intensive swine production is linked to public complaints and health hazards, but precise odor-marker identification and multi-perspective risk quantification remain challenging.
• What they did: Across four seasons, 252 air samples from 7 functional units were analyzed using a three-tier sequential screening system combining instrumental analysis, sensory evaluation, and statistical correlation, then assessed via a three-dimensional health risk framework.
• The result: The study identified 227 VOCs and screened six core odor markers—hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, acetic acid, isovaleric acid, p-cresol, and ammonia—mainly from microbial metabolism, enabling targeted source tracing and risk control.

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