Translating flood-tolerance biology into breeding: a five-dimensional framework for next-generation rice varieties.

A proposed integrated 5D framework for rice breeding links flood-tolerance biology to gene-bank diversity, multi-omics discovery, predictive breeding, and on-farm validation to improve multi-flood resilience.

• Why it matters: Flooding limits rice productivity, and single-gene SUB1A introgression is insufficient across diverse flood types that intensify with climate change.
• What they did: The work reviews mechanisms and genetic architecture for flash floods, stagnant floods, anaerobic germination, and deepwater inundation, then outlines Demand–Discovery–Design–Development–Deployment using predictive breeding and continuous feedback.
• The result: It argues marker-assisted selection has failed for polygenic, multi-stress tolerance and identifies breeding bottlenecks, implying the 5D approach could accelerate genetic gain for climate-resilient rice.

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