Annual dynamics of a macroalgal rocky community in the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples, Italy): exploring variations across ecological, structural and functional traits of dominant populations.

Dictyota spiralis exhibits a growth-oriented strategy with higher photosynthetic activity and chemical defenses, contrasting with resource-conserving species in the Gulf of Pozzuoli.

• Why it matters: Understanding species-specific resource allocation and responses to environmental fluctuations is crucial for predicting macroalgal community resilience amid climate change and habitat variability.
• What they did: Monitoring three dominant macroalgal species over one year, researchers measured ecological traits such as photosynthetic efficiency, pigment and carbohydrate levels, thallus area, dry matter, and antioxidant production.
• The result: Findings reveal distinct strategies: D. spiralis invests in photosynthesis and defense, while C. prolifera and Jania pedunculata conserve resources, enabling better adaptation to seasonal environmental changes.