Host-microbiota-pathogen interactions drive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis.

In immunocompetent hosts, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis is shaped by inflammation and microbiota-derived cues, producing transient intestinal blooms and later asymptomatic systemic carriage.

• Why it matters: The field needs a mechanistic framework for how host defences, microbiota competition and Salmonella countermeasures interact over time to determine whether infection stays acute or becomes quiescent.
• What they did: This Review synthesizes evidence that host inflammasome, hypoxia and reactive oxygen/nitrogen responses are tissue- and cell-specific, while Salmonella reprograms virulence and metabolism using microbiota and heterogeneous host-cell signals.
• The result: The dynamic host–microbiota–pathogen interplay is linked to outcomes spanning acute gastroenteritis through quiescent chronic infection, implying that timing and context of signalling shape disease trajectories.

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