Delirium in cardiovascular medicine.

Delirium in cardiovascular medicine is linked to prolonged hospitalization, increased mortality, and long-term cognitive decline, with incidence varying widely by procedure and diagnosis method.

• Why it matters: It remains underrecognized in cardiovascular care, despite clear associations with worse short- and long-term outcomes, especially around interventional and surgical procedures.
• What they did: This state-of-the-art review synthesizes evidence on epidemiology, mechanisms, manifestations, diagnosis (including CAM and CAM-ICU), prevention, and treatment across cardiovascular populations.
• The result: It supports systematic risk assessment and multimodal non-pharmacologic prevention as standard care, while recommending symptom- and context-specific pharmacologic treatment and calling for higher-quality, cardiovascular-tailored studies.

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