EveD, a vesicle-associated rhizobial candidate effector shaping nodulation competitiveness and host genotype responses

EveD, a large soluble repeat-containing protein from Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, is recovered only in EV-containing fractions and shapes nodulation competitiveness in Glycine max cv. Williams 82.

• Why it matters: Rhizobial EVs can carry Nod factors, but how EV-associated proteins are delivered and function during symbiosis is unclear, limiting understanding of genotype-specific host responses.
• What they did: The study characterized EveD export as independent of the type III secretion system and tested its expression regulation, then expressed EveD in plant cells to assess subcellular localization and analyzed an eveD mutant in legume hosts.
• The result: The eveD mutant increased nodule occupancy versus wild type in Glycine max cv. Williams 82, and EveD modulated early responses in wild Glycine soja accessions by constraining pseudonodule organogenesis in JL2 while promoting it in CH2.

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