Integrative multi-omics re-analysis of public sequencing and metabolomics repositories defines the mucosal immune and metabolic landscape of Helicobacter pylori infection and supports CagW as a rational mRNA-LNP vaccine antigen

CagW is highly conserved across 286 Helicobacter pylori variants (median 98.3% identity; 96.4% residues ≥95% conserved) with a conserved surface epitope envelope.

• Why it matters: A vaccine is urgently needed because H. pylori infects 40–45% of the global population and eradication is increasingly difficult, yet the gastric mucosal immune-metabolic niche and antigen suitability remain unclear.
• What they did: Public bulk transcriptomes (GSE295523), mouse gastric scRNA-seq (GSE224840; 16,434 cells), sorted T-cell data (GSE216894), and targeted metabolomics (MTBLS3235, MTBLS2851) were re-analysed, and CagW conservation was computed across 400 NCBI records (286 variants).
• The result: In infected gastric mucosa, NF-kappaB/ATF4-linked Th17 chemokines and an arginine/polyamine program co-occur with immune expansion (39.8% vs 21.2%; OR 2.46) and CD8+ TRM residency-effector changes, supporting CagW as a rational mRNA-LNP antigen.

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