Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding CagW, a conserved component of the Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system, protects mice against H. pylori challenge

CagW-Fc mRNA delivered in lipid nanoparticles protects C57BL/6 mice against Helicobacter pylori challenge, reducing gastric bacterial burden and urease activity.

• Why it matters: With antibiotic resistance and no mRNA vaccine yet tested clinically for Helicobacter pylori, a conserved antigen and platform are urgently needed for prophylaxis.
• What they did: Codon-optimized CagW-Fc mRNA was encapsulated in LNPs (93.2 nm; PDI 0.13; ~90% encapsulation) and expressed in HEK293T cells; mice received three intramuscular doses (5 ug mRNA) with alum, luciferase mRNA-LNPs, or CagW protein adsorbed to alum as comparators.
• The result: Vaccination induced high-titre CagW-specific IgG (peaking on day 42), mucosal sIgA, and Th1/Th2-type cellular responses, and after live challenge immunized mice had markedly fewer gastric bacteria and lower urease activity than controls.

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