Plasma untargeted metabolomics reveals distinct metabolic disturbances between sexes following inhalation of ultrafine particles and exposure to aircraft noise in mice

Aircraft noise exposure causes the largest plasma metabolomic disturbances in both male and female C57BL/6J mice, with UFP significantly altering metabolites only in females.

• Why it matters: The combined health risks of ultrafine particles and aircraft noise are not well explained by systemic metabolic changes, leaving sex-specific effects unclear.
• What they did: Healthy wildtype C57BL/6J mice of both sexes were exposed to UFP (<40 nm), aircraft noise (AN), or UFP+AN, and untargeted LC-MS plasma metabolomics quantified 1146 metabolites.
• The result: AN drove the greatest changes in both sexes, UFP effects were female-specific, and combined UFP+AN showed a modestly enhanced effect in males but an attenuated effect in females, with lipid and amino acid pathways most affected.

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