The ViRA-L (Visual Recognition Assessment-Leuven): Development, Validation, and Age Stratified Normative Characterization of a Multi-Category Visual Recognition Battery

ViRA-L, a 10-category visual recognition-memory battery in healthy Dutch-speaking adults, shows strong reliability (Cronbach’s = .879; omega total = .901) with minimal floor/ceiling effects.

• Why it matters: Age-related changes in recognition memory can differ by visual category, and existing tools lack matched multi-category procedures plus age-stratified norms for profile comparisons.
• What they did: The battery used six targets per category with 18 Learning and 30 Novel trials across appearance changes; after exclusions, 417 participants were analyzed for reliability, score distributions, demographic associations, and category-specific norms.
• The result: Accuracy and response speed were lower for Novel and difficult trials, and age was the clearest correlate, with age effects varying by category and being larger in Novel than Learning trials.

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