Adaptive dual-programming magnetic soft robot with lifelike behavior.

Dual-programming hydrogel magnetic soft robots (DHSRs) achieve programmable multicurved 3D morphing, switching from random land jumping to regular fish-like swimming in water.

• Why it matters: Lifelike, system-level behavior in soft robots is difficult because multimodal motion, environmental perception, and functional decoupling require coordinated material design and programmable morphing information.
• What they did: The authors build DHSRs by spatially arranging patterned magnetic skeletons to couple magnetic and anisotropic programming into responsive hydrogel bodies, then demonstrate environment-adaptive deformation and region-selective cargo delivery in a locomotion–perception–action workflow.
• The result: A ring-like pH-responsive DHSR performs multimodal gastric-ulcer locomotion and microneedle penetration, and in a pig model with capsule endoscopy it supports a wireless, painless diagnostic–therapeutic platform.

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