Spatial proteomics reveals lipid droplet reorganization in symbiotic Paramecium bursaria cells.

Spatial mass spectrometry proteomics in Paramecium bursaria shows symbiosis-linked remodeling of host lipid droplets, with droplets changing size, morphology, and positioning near intracellular algae.

• Why it matters: The mechanisms by which Paramecium bursaria maintains its flexible endosymbiosis with green algae are unclear, limiting understanding of early endosymbiosis evolution.
• What they did: The study built a spatial proteomic atlas of host cells with and without endosymbionts using mass spectrometry, then used imaging to quantify lipid droplet changes and chemical inhibitors of lipid metabolism.
• The result: Inhibiting lipid metabolism in symbiotic cells reduces endosymbiotic algal numbers, implying lipid droplets support the host–endosymbiont interaction while the atlas localizes proteins to the perialgal vacuole.

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