Rapid activation kinetics of the NLR Swordholder underpin nonhost resistance to Phytophthora capsici in Nicotiana tabacum.

Nicotiana tabacum nonhost resistance to Phytophthora capsici is restored by NtSwh, and rapid NLR activation linked to weaker autoinhibition prevents effector suppression.

• Why it matters: Nonhost resistance could enable durable broad-spectrum crop protection, but how NLR activation timing shapes immunity is not well understood.
• What they did: The study compared Swh from N. tabacum and N. benthamiana, testing ntswh mutant restoration and heterologous NtSwh expression in tomato, alongside mechanistic analysis of autoinhibition via amino-terminal extension domains.
• The result: NtSwh restores NHR in ntswh mutants, while NbSwh gives only partial resistance; NtSwh expression in tomato enhances field resistance to P. capsici without yield penalty.

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